Abstract
BackgroundDespite a wide adoption of English in science, a significant amount of biomedical data are produced in other languages, such as French. Yet a majority of natural language processing or semantic tools as well as domain terminologies or ontologies are only available in English, and cannot be readily applied to other languages, due to fundamental linguistic differences. However, semantic resources are required to design semantic indexes and transform biomedical (text)data into knowledge for better information mining and retrieval.ResultsWe present the SIFR Annotator (http://bioportal.lirmm.fr/annotator), a publicly accessible ontology-based annotation web service to process biomedical text data in French. The service, developed during the Semantic Indexing of French Biomedical Data Resources (2013–2019) project is included in the SIFR BioPortal, an open platform to host French biomedical ontologies and terminologies based on the technology developed by the US National Center for Biomedical Ontology. The portal facilitates use and fostering of ontologies by offering a set of services –search, mappings, metadata, versioning, visualization, recommendation– including for annotation purposes. We introduce the adaptations and improvements made in applying the technology to French as well as a number of language independent additional features –implemented by means of a proxy architecture– in particular annotation scoring and clinical context detection. We evaluate the performance of the SIFR Annotator on different biomedical data, using available French corpora –Quaero (titles from French MEDLINE abstracts and EMEA drug labels) and CépiDC (ICD-10 coding of death certificates)– and discuss our results with respect to the CLEF eHealth information extraction tasks.ConclusionsWe show the web service performs comparably to other knowledge-based annotation approaches in recognizing entities in biomedical text and reach state-of-the-art levels in clinical context detection (negation, experiencer, temporality). Additionally, the SIFR Annotator is the first openly web accessible tool to annotate and contextualize French biomedical text with ontology concepts leveraging a dictionary currently made of 28 terminologies and ontologies and 333 K concepts. The code is openly available, and we also provide a Docker packaging for easy local deployment to process sensitive (e.g., clinical) data in-house (https://github.com/sifrproject).
Highlights
Biomedical data integration and semantic interoperability are necessary to enable translational research [1,2,3]
In the context of the Semantic Indexing of French Biomedical Data Resources (SIFR) project, we have developed the SIFR BioPortal [9], an open platform to host French biomedical ontologies and terminologies based on the technology developed by the US National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO) [10, 11]
The first is biomedical named entity recognition and normalization, the second is ICD-10 diagnostic coding of death certificates and the third is a summary of the evaluation for the context detection features of SIFR Annotator
Summary
Biomedical data integration and semantic interoperability are necessary to enable translational research [1,2,3]. The same is true of languages other than English generally speaking [8] This lack does not match the huge amount of biomedical data produced in French, especially in the clinical world (e.g., electronic health records). The OBO Foundry web application (http://obofoundry.org) is an ontology library which serves content to other ontology repositories, such as the NCBO BioPortal [10], OntoBee [19], the EBI Ontology Lookup Service [20] and more recently AberOWL [21]. None of these platforms are multilingual or focus on features Acronym Name Source/Group.
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