Sickle cell disease in children and adolescents

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic illness characterized by changes in the blood's hemoglobin such that its shape “sickles” with hook‐like edges, rather than smooth edges, which prevents smooth blood flow. When the cells block blood flow, people usually experience pain. Pain in SCD can be acute and chronic (with chronic pain more likely in adolescence). Acute pain crises, or vaso‐occlusive episodes, can lead to hospitalizations and missed school time. Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death in SCD and is characterized by abnormal chest X‐ray, pain, fever, and anemia. Other concerns for children and adolescents with SCD are silent or overt strokes, organ damage, and increased risk for infection.