Abstract
Since the 1960s, a new class of Si-based advanced ceramics called polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) has been widely reported because of their unique capabilities to produce various ceramic materials (e.g., ceramic fibers, ceramic matrix composites, foams, films, and coatings) and their versatile applications. Particularly, due to their promising structural and functional properties for energy conversion and storage, the applications of PDCs in these fields have attracted much attention in recent years. This review highlights the recent progress in the PDC field with the focus on energy conversion and storage applications. Firstly, a brief introduction of the Si-based polymer-derived ceramics in terms of synthesis, processing, and microstructure characterization is provided, followed by a summary of PDCs used in energy conversion systems (mainly in gas turbine engines), including fundamentals and material issues, ceramic matrix composites, ceramic fibers, thermal and environmental barrier coatings, as well as high-temperature sensors. Subsequently, applications of PDCs in the field of energy storage are reviewed with a strong focus on anode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries. The possible applications of the PDCs in Li-S batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells are discussed as well. Finally, a summary of the reported applications and perspectives for future research with PDCs are presented.
Highlights
In the modern society, energy is necessary for almostJ Adv Ceram 2022, 11(2): 197–246 strictly speaking, energy production is energy conversion
SiHfTaC [78]), as well as pentanary (e.g., SiHfCNO [79,80], SiHfBCN [81–84]) ceramics, which are difficult to produce using other methods [35,36,85]. Owing to their tunable structures/compositions, excellent high-temperature stabilities as well as their capabilities for being shaped via various processing techniques (e.g., fiber drawing [5,25,86,87], dip- or spin-coating [9,88–91], freeze casting [50,92–94], additive manufacturing (3D printing) [20,21,95–98], and warm pressing [32,99–102]), polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) can be conveniently used in plenty of technological key fields, such as high-temperature structural applications, ceramic matrix composites [19,82,106,107], joining/ adhesive materials [108,109], anode materials used in lithium/sodium ion batteries [110–117], porous electrode used for supercapacitors [118–120], electromagnetic absorbing and shielding applications [121–125], micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) [126–131], photoluminescent applications [132–135], tribological applications [136–140], sensing materials [141–144], and biomedical components [145–147]
Taking advantage of the preceramic polymers, PDC approach offers solution to most of the problems associated with other processing methods for the fabrication of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and T/environmental barrier coatings (EBCs)
Summary
J Adv Ceram 2022, 11(2): 197–246 strictly speaking, energy production (e.g., power generation and solar energy harvesting) is energy conversion. SiHfTaC [78]), as well as pentanary (e.g., SiHfCNO [79,80], SiHfBCN [81–84]) ceramics, which are difficult to produce using other methods [35,36,85] Owing to their tunable structures/compositions, excellent high-temperature stabilities as well as their capabilities for being shaped via various processing techniques (e.g., fiber drawing [5,25,86,87], dip- or spin-coating [9,88–91], freeze casting [50,92–94], additive manufacturing (3D printing) [20,21,95–98], and warm pressing [32,99–102]), PDCs can be conveniently used in plenty of technological key fields, such as high-temperature structural applications (e.g., thermal/environmental barrier coatings [9,103–105]), ceramic matrix composites [19,82,106,107], joining/ adhesive materials [108,109], anode materials used in lithium/sodium ion batteries [110–117], porous electrode used for supercapacitors [118–120], electromagnetic absorbing and shielding applications [121–125], micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) [126–131], photoluminescent applications [132–135], tribological applications (e.g., brakes for motorbikes) [136–140], sensing materials [141–144], and biomedical components [145–147]. In order to be more exalted, the present review mainly focuses on Si-based PDCs
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