Sialic Acid-Modified Nanoparticles-New Approaches in the Glioma Management-Perspective Review.

Przemyslaw Wielgat,Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska,Agnieszka Z Wilczewska,Halina Car

doi:10.3390/ijms22147494

Przemyslaw Wielgat, Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147494

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Abstract

The cell surface is covered by a dense and complex network of glycans attached to the membrane proteins and lipids. In gliomas, the aberrant sialylation, as the final stage of glycosylation, is an important regulatory mechanism of malignant cell behavior and correlates with worse prognosis. Better understanding of the role of sialylation in cellular and molecular processes opens a new way in the development of therapeutic tools for human brain tumors. According to the recent clinical observation, the cellular heterogeneity, activity of brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs), immune evasion, and function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are attractive targets for new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the importance of sialic acid-modified nanoparticles in brain tumor progression.

Highlights

Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of the most common and lethal primary brain tumors characterized by high histological variety and invading potential that underlie aggressive clinical course
This review briefly focuses on the participation of sialic acid in nanocarrier-based brain tumor management
Siglec-11 and Siglec-16 are paired receptors characterized by 99% of sequence identity at the extracellular domain but opposite the intracellular signaling system based on inhibition motif (ITIM) and ITAM, respectively [89,91]

Summary

Introduction

Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of the most common and lethal primary brain tumors characterized by high histological variety and invading potential that underlie aggressive clinical course. The high biological activity of brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and separative function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are the main factors that promote glioma progression and attenuate the therapeutic effects of standard pharmacological therapies [5,6,7,8]. The predominance of M2 cells and increased M2/M1 ratio has been shown to correlate with worse prognosis and shorter overall survival in patients with glioma [16,17] This dependence is accompanied by the elevated expression of macrophage M2 phenotype markers, including CD163, as has been detected in both blood and tissue samples. By controlling the glycome in the tumor microenvironment and neutralization of Siglecs-dependent cellular activity, the efficacy of immune effectors against malignant cells could be potentiated in both cancer immunotargeting and conventional management. This review briefly focuses on the participation of sialic acid in nanocarrier-based brain tumor management

Sialome as a Potential Target in Therapy of Glioma and Other Human Cancers

Nanoparticle-Based Therapy and Sialic Acid–Siglec Interplay

Findings

Conclusions