Abstract
In the article the authors discuss light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for automotive applications and the potential roles Si photonics can play in practice. The authors review published research work on Si photonics optical phased array (OPA) and other relevant devices in the past decade with in-depth technical analysis with respect to practical system design considerations. The commercialization status of certain LiDAR technologies is briefly introduced.
Highlights
Silicon (Si) photonics have emerged as one of the so-called “more-than-Moore” technologies that are based upon or derived from Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and are focused on application and diversity rather than transistor scaling
In an amplitude modulation (AM) scheme, the amplitude of an optical wave is modulated at a frequency so that the corresponding modulation period is longer than the round-trip travel time and the distance is calculated from the phase shift of reflected light
FMCW is often referred to a scheme using optical wave frequency chirp, i.e., wavelength varying over time, to calculate the distance from the beat frequency generated from mixing the emitting and the reflected light
Summary
Silicon (Si) photonics have emerged as one of the so-called “more-than-Moore” technologies that are based upon or derived from Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and are focused on application and diversity rather than transistor scaling. While people realize that Si photonics has its limitations and may co-exist with its fierce InP competitors for many years to come, many IC, optics and communication companies are embracing this technology and many released products in recent years. As Si photonics has made its entry into the optical communications market and grasps sizable shares, the designs and processes are maturing and standardizing and the optical transceiver products it enables are increasingly competing on manufacturability, cost, yield, and supply chain instead of technological novelty. Many Si photonics researchers and start-ups are looking into other applications such as optical sensing, among which, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have enjoyed a lot attention in recent years thanks to the burgeoning autonomous driving market. The authors understand that it is very challenging, if not impossible, to accomplish a complete survey of such an actively developing field and we apologize in advance to those researchers and institutions whose work we have inadvertently overlooked
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