Abstract
The demand for natural aggregates (river sand) is increasing day by day, leading to the destruction of the environment, a burden that will be passed on to young people. Further, wastes from various industries are being dumped in landfills, which poses serious environmental problems. In order to ensure sustainability, both the issues mentioned above can be solved by utilizing industrial waste as aggregate replacement in the concrete construction industry. This research is done to find out the results using two substances viz., waste foundry sand (WFS) and coconut shell (CS) substitute for river sand and coarse aggregate. Many researchers have found the maximum benefits of substituted substances used in cement, which has material consistency. This current observation explores these strong waste properties of waste-infused concrete and cement, which experience shrinkage from drying out. The replacement levels for waste foundry sand were varied, between 10%, 20%, and 30%, and for CS, it was 10% and 20%. The experimental outcomes are evident for the strength, which increases by using WFS, whereas the strength decreases by increasing the CS level. The concrete that experiences shrinkage from drying out is included in the waste material, showing a higher magnitude of drying shrinkage than conventional concrete.
Highlights
Concrete is a continuously evolving material used to fulfill the projected civil infrastructure requirements of the 21st century
The results revealed that the use of coconut shell for the entire replacement of coarse aggregate produces lightweight concrete, which reduces the compressive strength but achieves the target strength
The first phase of experimentation provides the experimental findings of concrete with coconut shell as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate
Summary
Concrete is a continuously evolving material used to fulfill the projected civil infrastructure requirements of the 21st century. Sustainability and durability are the desirable characteristics of concrete infrastructure. There is an increasing concern about the use of natural resources and river sand mining for concrete production. The depletion of natural resources for civil infrastructure construction should be reduced and given high precedence by infrastructure designers. Adaption of sustainable construction materials along with durability are grand challenges for current and future civil engineers. Over the past few decades, researchers have experimented with different wastages obtained from industries such as foundry sand, steel slag, copper slag, palm oil clinker, etc., for river sand used as a substitute for concrete. A by-product from the metal casting industry, is generated in large quantities and dumped as an environmentally degrading landfill
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