Shrimp Oil Extracted from Shrimp Processing By-Product Is a Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin-Esters, and Reveals Potential Anti-Adipogenic Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Indrayani Phadtare,Hitesh Vaidya,Kelly Hawboldt,Sukhinder Kaur Cheema

doi:10.3390/md19050259

Abstract

The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp contains omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exists in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). In this study, shrimp oil (SO) was extracted from the shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method (hexane:acetone 2:3). The extracted SO was rich in phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, and Astx-E. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes in the presence or absence of various treatments for 8 days. The effects of SO were then investigated on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of fish oil (FO), in combination with Astx-E, on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also investigated. The SO decreased fat accumulation, compared to untreated cells, which coincided with lower mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. However, FO and FO + Astx-E increased fat accumulation, along with increased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), compared to untreated cells. These findings have demonstrated that the SO is a rich source of n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects. Moreover, the SO and FO appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.

Highlights

Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a major public health concern that is increasing in prevalence throughout the world
We investigated whether a combination of fish oil (FO) plus Astx-E will reduce fat accumulation and inhibit adipogenesis to a greater extent, compared to FO alone
The treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with shrimp oil (SO) and shrimp extract (SE) extracted from shrimp processing by-product reduced fat accumulation, and showed a lower mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a major public health concern that is increasing in prevalence throughout the world. One in four adult Canadians or about 6.3 million people, were obese in 2011–2012 [1]. In 2018, 26.8% of Canadians 18 years of age and older (roughly 7.3 million adults) were reported as obese [2]. Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has the highest rate of obesity in all of Canada [1,2]. Individuals with obesity are at a greater risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes [3,4,5]. Obesity is linked to changes in adipocytes function, thereby increasing the adipose tissue mass and size [6]. Adipocyte dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance, and alterations in the secretory function of adipocytes that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation [7]

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Discussion

Conclusion