Should the splenic hilar lymph node be dissected for the management of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction?

Abstract

Splenic hilar lymphadenectomy is not recommended for advanced proximal gastric cancer that does not invade the greater curvature according to the results of the previous studies. The efficacy of splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for type II and type III adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction and easy spread to the greater curvature of the stomach remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of splenic hilar lymphadenectomy and identify the risk factors for metastasis to splenic hilar nodes. We examined patients who underwent R0/1 gastrectomy for Siewert types II and III at a single high-volume center in Japan. We analyzed the metastatic incidence, therapeutic value index, and risk factors for splenic hilar lymph node metastasis. We examined 126 patients (74, type II; 52, type III). Splenectomy was performed in 76 patients. Metastatic incidence and the therapeutic value index of splenic hilar lymph nodes in patients with type II and type III tumors were 4.5% and 0, and 21.9% and 9.4, respectively. In the patients who underwent splenectomy, we identified Siewert type III tumors (odds ratio: 6.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-38.8, p=0.027) and tumor location other than the lesser curvature (odds ratio: 7.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-41.1, p=0.023) to be independent risk factors. The metastatic incidence (46.2%) and therapeutic value index (15.4) were high in patients with both risk factors. Splenic hilar lymphadenectomy may contribute to the survival of patients with Siewert type III tumors, especially when the predominant location is not the lesser curvature.