Should the lateral chest radiograph be routine in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children? A review of the literature.

Abstract

To assess the evidence of the additive diagnostic value of the lateral chest radiograph to the frontal chest radiograph in children (zero to 18 years) with suspected pneumonia in the emergency department. The MEDLINE database (1966 to 2001) was searched to identify the highest level of evidence available in support of the lateral. The key words used included chest radiograph, pneumonia and chest x-ray. Only four controlled studies were identified that assessed the role of the lateral chest x-ray. Three of these studies were retrospective. In the first study, the addition of the lateral to the frontal chest x-ray in 414 children would have detected an additional nine patients (2.3%) with pneumonia. In the second study, involving 179 patients, a high level of agreement was found between the interpretations based on the frontal chest x-ray alone and those based on both views. A third study of 359 children assessed the criterion validity of a frontal chest x-ray alone. Based upon a radiologist's interpretation of both views as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the frontal view alone was 86%. A fourth study of 158 children with suspected pneumonia revealed that the frontal view alone was diagnostic of pneumonia in 106 of 109 (97%) patients. There is no randomized controlled trial evidence to support the additive value of the lateral to the frontal chest x-ray in the diagnosis of children with pneumonia. Further prospective studies are required to determine if the addition of the lateral chest x-ray will modify therapy, prevent complications or whether it is cost-efficient.