Abstract
Background Organizational citizenship behavior, or extra-role behavior, refers to voluntarily going beyond job task requirements. This study aims to provide a new lens to citizenship behaviors by specifically exploring different expectations of citizenship behaviors related to employees’ demography and suggesting how such expectations might shape employees’ citizenship behaviors.ResultsUsing a cross-national sample of 469 workers, interpersonal and helping and civic virtue were more likely to be regarded as in-role behaviors for more senior than for junior employees. On the other hand, results indicate that expectations of courtesy are unrelated to seniority.ConclusionsBy exploring expectations of promotive citizenship behaviors, this study contributes to expanding the OCB literature focused on motives for citizenship behaviors. Findings from this study indicate that there are some significant patterns of expectations related to employees’ seniority. Also, the findings call on managers to set clear boundaries of in- and extra-role behaviors.
Highlights
Organizational citizenship behavior, or extra-role behavior, refers to voluntarily going beyond job task requirements
We focus on expectations of two types of Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) that are promotive: interpersonal citizenship behaviors and civic virtue
Results indicate that expectations of courtesy are unrelated to seniority
Summary
Organizational citizenship behavior, or extra-role behavior, refers to voluntarily going beyond job task requirements. This study aims to provide a new lens to citizenship behaviors by exploring different expec‐ tations of citizenship behaviors related to employees’ demography and suggesting how such expectations might shape employees’ citizenship behaviors. Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), labeled as extra-role behaviors or contextual performance, refer to organizational members’ interpersonal and volitional behaviors beyond job-specific task performance (Borman and Motowidlo 1993; Organ 1988). Organ et al (2006: 143) mentioned that employees may feel that certain behaviors are expected as part of the job they believe that the behaviors are beyond the formal job requirement. Some scholars have suggested that certain expectations of citizenship behavior may exist in the organization (e.g., Hui et al 2004; Kidder and McLean Parks 2001; Organ et al 2006; VigodaGadot 2006, 2007).
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