Should All Cars Be Electric by 2025? The Electric Car Debate in Europe

Nathalie Ortar,Marianne Ryghaug

doi:10.3390/su11071868

Abstract

The car is still the most common mode of transport in Western countries, particularly so across the European Union, as it accounts for about two-thirds of daily commuting. So far, measures aiming to reduce automobile traffic and incentives for the modal shift to public transport and non-polluting methods of travel (walking, cycling, etc.) have had little effect. Moreover, the car lies at the core of a very complex system that has proven to be difficult to unlock. In light of these challenges, using new types of engine power may appear to be a solution. Electric vehicles have the potential to improve the efficiency, affordability, and sustainability of the transport system. However, there remains much uncertainty as to how such a transition from one type of engine to another may unfold, and where it could take place within the European context. In June 2017, the H2020 project SHAPE-ENERGY launched an online debate on the Debating Europe platform with the question: “Should all cars be electric by 2025?”. The aim of the debate was to elicit citizens views on whether the goal could be reached, how and with which consequences. The diversity of the vantage points that have appeared in the subsequent discussion generated by the strands of debate allows us to bring into discussion the viewpoints and arguments that are not often addressed in the literature on the adoption of electric cars in a comprehensive way. The article sheds light on those debates across Europe, in order to bring new insights to European policymakers that are seeking to promote the market for electric vehicles. It also broadens the scope and offers important contributions to scholarly debates on the diffusion and adoption of such vehicles.

Highlights

Despite measures aiming to reduce automobile traffic and incentives for the modal shift to public transport and non-polluting methods of travel, the car remains the most common means of transportation
We have developed a non-traditional research focus on issues such as energy justice, renewable energy supply and the transformation of the energy system, as well as the ecological considerations, which are seldom investigated from a citizen perspective, across different geographical and socio-economic spheres
Given the fact that renewable energy sources alone are probably not sufficient, and that many economies are planning to phase out nuclear energy, increased electricity demand may be a challenge [11], even though the increased production of renewable energy and smart grid technologies, such as smart charging may alleviate these problems in the longer run [25] as new technologies appear

Summary

Introduction

Despite measures aiming to reduce automobile traffic and incentives for the modal shift to public transport and non-polluting methods of travel (walking, cycling, etc.), the car remains the most common means of transportation. It accounts for about two-thirds of daily journeys in Western countries such as France. The electrification of passenger transportation should in principle, lead to more resilient cities, improve the efficiency of the distribution network and challenge the sustainability of the existing grid [4], as well as reduce negative externalities such as pollution [5,6] For these reasons, electric vehicles have become one of the most prominent technologies for decarbonising passenger transportation when coupled with a low-carbon energy system [7]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion