Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects.

Tony Bruns,Ina Bergheim,Dragana Rajcic,Anika Nier,Annette Brandt

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201800868

Abstract

ScopeDietary pattern and impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed to be critical in the development of metabolic impairments. Here, it is determined if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with monosaccharides affects markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic health in healthy subjects.Methods and ResultsAfter a dietary standardization for 4 days, all 12 subjects aged 21–33 years receive an isocaloric fructose‐ and glucose‐enriched diet for 3 days separated by a wash‐out phase. Anthropometry, blood pressure, markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic as well as inflammatory parameters are determined in blood samples or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at baseline, after standardizations and the monosaccharide interventions, respectively. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the intake of an isocaloric fructose‐ but not glucose‐enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toll like receptors 4, 2, and MYD88 mRNA expressions are significantly induced after the fructose‐rich but not the glucose‐rich diet.ConclusionIn metabolically healthy subjects, even a short‐term intake of a fructose‐rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function.

Highlights

Tension as well as vascular endothelial dysfunction in humans,[2b,4] while the intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables were frequently found to be lower in patients with metabolic diseases than in disease free controls.[5]
As for most subjects, the standard diet was associated with switching from a fat- to a fiberrich and carbohydrate-rich diet, serum triglyceride levels (ࣈ+1.3fold) as well as plasma insulin levels (ࣈ+1.2-fold) were increased significantly after standardization when compared to baseline while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum activity was significantly lower when compared to baseline (ࣈ–7%)
The isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with fructose (25% of total energy derived from fructose) for 3 days resulted in a significant increase of ALT activity while NOx levels in blood decreased suggesting that a short-term intake of a fructose-enriched diet may affect both, liver and vascular endothelial health.[6c,19] Similar changes of these parameters were not found after the consumption of isocaloric amounts of glucose

Summary

Introduction

Tension as well as vascular endothelial dysfunction in humans,[2b,4] while the intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables were frequently found to be lower in patients with metabolic diseases than in disease free controls.[5]. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the these findings, results of animal studintake of an isocaloric fructose- but not glucose-enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. Conclusion: In metabolically healthy subjects, even a short-term intake of a fructose-rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function. Ciated with the development of vascular dysfunction and hypertension.[7] In addition to chronic extended intake of a fructose- and/ or fat-rich diet,[8] even a short-term isocaloric change to diets enriched in fructose or fructose-.

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