Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with elevated blood pressure in adults. Data on this association in Nigeria, with the highest level of pollution in Africa is sparsse. The present study investigated the association between short-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution and hypertension. We conducted a case-control study comprising of 25 adults with hypertension and 25 age-, sex- and geographical location-matched normotensive controls. All participants had 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring at the same time as indoor particulate matter monitoring using a real-time particle counter and compared with the WHO guideline limit (25μg/m3). All monitoring was carried out over 24 hours during the wet season. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for the relationship between hypertension and particulate matter exposure was assessed at P 5 persons (aOR: 9.37; CI: 1.37 – 63.95) and PM2.5 > 25µg/m3 (aOR: 5.76; CI: 1.08 – 30.88) significantly increased the odds of hypertension. Short-term exposure to ambient PM air pollution was associated with a higher risk of hypertension. Air pollution reduction strategies may as well help in the prevention and control of hypertension. A large longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, responsible for about 17.8 million global deaths in 2017 according to the latest estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study [1]
Despite the progress recorded in both the prevention and the management of individuals with hypertension, suboptimal blood pressure (BP) remains the single, most important contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases [4, 5]
Unlike in other parts of the world where the Abiodun Moshood Adeoye et al.: Short-term Exposure to Household Air Pollution and Risk of Hypertension Among Adults: A Pilot Study in Ibadan proportion of households mainly relying on solid fuels has declined over the past three decades, it increased up to 77% in sub-Saharan Africa [7]
Summary
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, responsible for about 17.8 million global deaths in 2017 according to the latest estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study [1]. The World Health Organization reports that in 2012 around 7 million people died with one in eight of total global deaths resulting from air pollution exposure [6] This finding more than doubles previous estimates and confirms that air pollution is the world’s largest single environmental health risk [6]. Brooks et al had developed the concept of “environmental hypertensionology” to gain insights into the relationship between home ambient air pollutants and risk of hypertension [10] While this has gained global attention, low resource countries with a high burden of hypertension and air pollution lack data on the subject. This pilot study is to assess the feasibility of a large-scale study in our environment to investigate the association between exposure to particulate matter air pollution within the indoor environment and pattern of office and 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes
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