Short-term effects of milk (both unpasteurized and pasteurized) on active adolescence hemoglobin

Abstract

Milk consumption is one of the beverages options for the recovery phase. On the basis of the manufacturing procedure, raw and pasteurized cow's milk are distinguished, but no one has investigated the effect of milk consumption on the hemoglobin levels of active people; some studies only analyze the effect of milk consumption on fitness and recovery advantages. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the hemoglobin levels of active adolescents who consumed fresh cow's milk versus pasteurized milk for three consecutive weeks. It is intended that the three-week treatment will have a good effect on hemoglobin levels, hence enhancing physical performance. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Randomized-Groups Design for three consecutive weeks of milk feeding twice daily per group. Twenty-four university football players were divided into three groups using the approach of purposive sampling: the fresh cow's milk (SSS) group, the pasteurized milk (SP) group, and the mineral water control group (K). The tool utilized to measure body composition is the Karada Scan Body Fat Omron HBF-356, while the Easy Touch GCHb is used to collect data on hemoglobin. Subjects participated voluntarily and were willing to have blood tested through capillaries before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after exercise. The analysis data uses paired t-test and ANOVA calculations to find differences within and between groups. Results: Hemoglobin immediately after exercise (0) in the post-test (three weeks after treatment) increased significantly (0.020 < 0.05) compared to hemoglobin before exercise (-) in the pre-test (before three weeks of intervention) in all three groups (fresh milk, pasteurized milk, and mineral water). Upon further examination, it was determined that there was a highly significant difference in hemoglobin levels (0.010 < 0.05) between fresh cow's milk and pasteurized milk immediately after exercise (0) in the post-test (after three weeks of treatment). In contrast, there were no significant differences (p-value > 0.05) for the remaining calculations, both within and between subgroups.Conclusions: After three consecutive weeks of milk consumption, there was no significant variation in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. To optimize the different elements that can affect the acceleration of the increase in hemoglobin in the blood, it is recommended that further study be conducted to intervene with milk and additional meal intake alongside physical activity.