Short-term Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure

Abstract

We evaluated the short-term effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on sleep apnea in patients with systolic heart failure. Sleep-disordered breathing is common in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Twelve patients (mean [+/-SE] age, 59.6+/-7.8 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 28.0+/-2.8%) with an implanted atrial-synchronized biventricular pacemaker for the treatment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction were selected and studied. Each subject underwent polysomnography on 3 consecutive nights with CRT on the first night, CRT off the second night, and CRT on the third night. Echocardiography was performed prior to each polysomnogram. The central sleep event index (ie, the number of central sleep apneas [CSAs] and hypopneas per hour of sleep) score was lower with CRT compared to that without CRT (mean central sleep event index score with CRT on, 6.9+/-1.7 events per hour of sleep; mean central sleep event index score with CRT off, 14.3+/-2.9 events per hour of sleep; mean central sleep event index score with CRT on, 8.1+/-1.5 events per hour of sleep; p<0.001). Similarly, the cumulative duration of central sleep events (the number of minutes per hour of sleep during CRT) was one half that observed without CRT (CRT on, 2.8+/-0.7 min per hour of sleep; CRT OFF 6.2+/-1.2 min per hour of sleep; CRT ON 3.1+/-0.7 min per hour of sleep; p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between mitral regurgitant volume and central sleep event index on all three nights (r>or=0.77; p<0.01). CRT reduces CSA severity in the short term. This reduction correlated significantly with the CRT-mediated reduction of mitral regurgitation.