Abstract
Recent increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration have affected the growth and physiology of plants. In this study, plants were grown with 0.5% CO 2 for 0, 3, and 6 days. The anatomy, fluorescence intensity of H2O2, respiration rate, and antioxidant activities of the mitochondria were analyzed in diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Exposure to 0.5% CO 2 resulted in clear structural alterations and stomatal closure in the mitochondria. Reduced membrane integrity and increased structural damage were observed in 2× plants at 6 days. However, after 0.5% CO 2 treatment, little structural damage was observed in 4× plants. Under severe stress, H2O2 and malondialdehyde were dramatically induced in both 2× and 4× plants. Proline remains unchanged at an elevated CO 2 concentration in 4× plants. Moreover, the total respiration and alternative respiration rates decreased in both 2× and 4× plants. In contrast, the cytochrome pathway showed no decrease in 2× plants and even increased slightly in 4× plants. The antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants, which are related to the ascorbate–glutathione pathway, were inhibited following CO 2 exposure. These analyses indicated that 4× and 2× plants were damaged by 0.5% CO 2 but the former were more resistant than the latter, and this may be due to increases in antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants and stabilized membrane structure.
Highlights
Due to anthropogenic activity, CO2 concentrations have increased since the pre-industrial period from 280 to 401.85 μmol/ mol
ascorbic acid (AsA) levels significantly decreased under 0.5% CO2 conditions in both the 2× and 4× plants (Figure 7c)
Due to anthropogenic carbon emissions and ecosystem processes, excessive CO2 has been released into the atmosphere
Summary
Due to anthropogenic activity, CO2 concentrations have increased since the pre-industrial period from 280 to 401.85 μmol/ mol Development, and function in increased CO2 concentrations have been extensively researched (Zinta et al, 2014), the effects of elevated CO2 on the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in polyploid plants are relatively unknown. The effect of elevated concentrations of CO2 on the anatomy, respiration, and antioxidant activity of diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) plants was studied after the plants were exposed to 0.5% CO2 for 0 (up) and 6 (down) days. Based on this analysis, we increased our understanding of the mechanism underlying the CO2 response and tolerance of plants to environmental stress
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