Abstract
Dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD is caused by non- perturbative interactions on a scale �∼ 0.3fm much smaller than the hadronic size R∼ 1fm. This has important consequences for the nucleon structure such as the prediction that the transverse momentum distribution of sea quarks is sig- nificantly broader than the pT-distribution of valence quarks due to short-range correlations between sea quarks in the nucleon's light-cone wave function.
Highlights
Our knowledge of the internal quark-gluon structure of the nucleon is due to studies of inclusive lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), Drell-Yan processes and other reactions that are described in terms of universal, process-independent parton distribution functions
Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) are relevant for the description of transverse momenta in the final state, e.g., transverse momenta of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive DIS
The unpolarized and helicity TMDs were studied in the χQSM
Summary
Our knowledge of the internal quark-gluon structure of the nucleon is due to studies of inclusive lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), Drell-Yan processes and other reactions that are described in terms of universal, process-independent parton distribution functions. The new results and their far-reaching phenomenological consequences are briefly reviewed A dynamical mechanism for that is due to nonperturbative QCD interactions caused by topological gauge field configurations which can flip chirality, see Fig. 1a This picture is realized in the instanton vacuum model [22] where the average instanton size sets the short– distance nonperturbative scale ρ ∼ 0.3 fm, whose existence is supported by independent evidence [36,37,38,39]. The dynamics of sea quarks is governed by the shorter distance scale ρ which is the typical size of configurations in which correlated qq-pairs are generated nonperturbatively, see Fig. 2. One expects p2T sea ∼ ρ−2 and this has recently been observed in the chiral quark soliton model [31,32,33]
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