Short working hours and perceived stress: Findings from a population-based nationwide study

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence on the potential negative health effects of short working hours remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between short working hours and perceived stress in a population-based sample from China. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 4368 participants aged 18–65 years from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS) 2015. Working hours were categorized into <35, 35–40, 41–54, and ≥55 h/week. Perceived stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14). ResultsOf the 4368 participants, 817 (18.7 %) reported short working hours (<35 h/week) and 1817 (41.6 %) reported perceived stress. Short working hours were associated with higher perceived stress compared to standard working hours (35–40 h/week) (Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.25, 95 % confidential intervals (CI): 1.04–1.51). Stratified analysis showed that short working hours were significantly associated with more perceived stress in subjects aged 36–50 years (AOR = 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.16–1.70), while long working hours (≥55 h/week) were significantly related to less perceived stress among low-income subjects (AOR = 0.56, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.94). Reduced income partially mediated the effects of short working hours on perceived stress (indirect effects = −0.002, 95 % CI: −0.007∼-0.001). ConclusionReduced working hours may be associated with increased risk of perceived stress in China, particularly among people aged 36–50 years and those with low income. Reduced income may be a possible reason for the increased perceived stress caused by short working hours. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine these relationships and to explore mechanisms.