Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of “Short Flow State Scale-2 (SFSS-2)” and “Short Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (SDFS-2)” for Turkish athletes in two separate studies. One hundred ninety-seven (Mage = 22.05, SD = 3.60) athletes voluntarily participated in the first study to test the psychometric properties of SDFS-2 and completed SDFS-2, Long Dispositional Flow Scale-2 and Sport Motivation Scale. In the second study, 423 (Mage = 20.00, SD = 3.46) athletes constituted the sample group and completed SFSS-2, Flow State Scale2 and Situational Motivation Scale for testing the psychometric properties of SFSS-2. Factor structures of both scales were examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Concurrent validity of the scales was examined Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The reliability evidence was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha values. The results of CFA analyses revealed that the both scales have nine items with one factor. All the correlation coefficients calculated for concurrent and convergent validity were significant (between 0.45-0.92 for SDFS-2 and 0.33-0.79 for SFSS-2). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients calculated for internal consistency were.77 for SDFS-2 and 0.82 for SFSS-2. The results indicated that Turkish versions of SDFS-2 and SFSS-2 are valid and reliable instruments for sports contexts.
Highlights
Positive psychology emerged around the turn of the millennium and researchers started to focus on positive qualities instead of focusing on the negative aspects and repairing the worst outcomes (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000)
Considering the flow scores, it appeared that the lowest scores belonged to loss of self-consciousness and action-awareness sub-dimensions whereas the highest scores were obtained from autotelic experience and clear goals
The results indicated that Turkish form of Short Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (SDFS-2) had similar factor structure as the original scale’s factor structure
Summary
Positive psychology emerged around the turn of the millennium and researchers started to focus on positive qualities instead of focusing on the negative aspects and repairing the worst outcomes (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Flow is a specific subjective state that individuals experience during strong task engagement, becoming completely immersed in an activity perceived as rewarding in itself (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975). In his book, Csikszentmihalyi (1997) reported that flow is a complete immersion in an activity a person is experiencing, such as singing in a choir, dancing, playing bridge, or reading a good book. People experience flow during a complicated surgical operation, closing a business deal, talking with a good friend, or playing with a baby (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). Experiencing flow is rewarding in itself and this is the reason why people are highly committed to their tasks even when there is no external reward (Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2009). The flow state is very functional because individuals are in a state of high concentration while feeling optimally challenged and in control of their action, which can lead people to high performance (Garcia et al, 2019; Engeser & Rheinberg, 2008)
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