Abstract
BackgroundEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be one of the reasons for the failure in some clinical trials regarding histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)-treated solid tumors. We investigated the effects of a pan-HDACI trichostatin A (TSA) on the proliferation and EMT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells.MethodsPoorly-differentiated NPC cell line CNE2 and undifferentiated C666–1 were treated with various concentrations of TSA, the cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay, the morphology was photographed, and the mRNA level of HDACs was assessed by semiquantitative PCR. After determination the cell cycle distributions, cells were subjected to western blotting analysis of cell cycle and EMT-associated genes expression. And the changes in migration ability were assessed by transwell migration assay and scratch wound healing assay. Finally, histone deacetylases activator ITSA-1 was used to assess the reverse of TSA-induced changes in NPC cells.ResultsTSA inhibited the proliferation of CNE2 and C666–1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and arrested the cell cycle at G1 phases. TSA reduced PCNA, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK2, p16 and p21 expressions and stimulated CDK6 levels. TSA stimulation for 48 h could effectively induce the EMT in CNE2 and C666–1 cells, which showed an increase of spindle-like cells and promoted expression of Vimentin and Snail1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Surprisingly, this short period of TSA treatment that induced EMT also impeded the migration ability of CNE2 and C666–1 cells. Interestingly, ITSA-1 rescued TSA-impeded CNE2 and C666–1 cells’ proliferation, migration and HDACs expression, also re-induced the cells to turn into epithelial cell phenotypes.ConclusionsThese results indicate that short-term stimulation of TSA effectively inhibits cell proliferation and induce EMT-like changes in NPC cells but not increase its invasion ability.
Highlights
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be one of the reasons for the failure in some clinical trials regarding histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)-treated solid tumors
trichostatin A (TSA) (100–400 ng/ml, 48 h) reduced PCNA protein expression in CNE2 and C666–1 cells. Together these results indicate that TSA stimulation can inhibit the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells
TSA stimulation blocks NPC cell cycle progression through disturbing cell cycle-associated protein expression We examined the effects of TSA on cell cycle of CNE2 and C666–1 cells
Summary
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be one of the reasons for the failure in some clinical trials regarding histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)-treated solid tumors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit HDACs by blocking acetyl groups remove from the lysine residues [5]. An increasing number of HDACIs are being designed and tested for clinical use [6], and several HDACIs are being investigated in Phase I, II and III clinical trials for cancer. Several HDACIs are being used for treatment of solid tumors. Other studies have reported disappointing results for HDACIs in patients with solid tumors [14,15,16,17,18]. The exact mechanism underlying the cause of treatment failure of HDACIs is still unknown
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