Abstract
Research is dedicated to short-term memory training for university students specializing in translation and interpreting. The purpose of the study was to consider the possibilities of increasing short-term memory capacity of the students who study French by regular training during their language classes. To check short-term memory capacity, a method of random reproduction was chosen. It is an experimental method based on a list of words that respondents have to reproduce in a random order after hearing them. The words for the tests were chosen on the basis of their usage, imagery, the effect of phonological similarity and the effect of the length of the word. During testing, the physiological state of the respondents, their age and the speed of the teacher's reading were taken into consideration. To train short-term memory in French language classes, special tasks were created, and students performed them as part of class activities over a period of two months. The experiment showed that short-term memory training for students is effective and can be recommended for foreign language classes. The result of the experiment demonstrated significant growth in the short-term memory capacity of the students.
Highlights
Researchers’ interest in memory arose long ago as evidenced by Plato (Greek philosopher, 427-347 B.C.) who metaphorically called memory a wax board in the person’s soul that keeps the image of everything we see or hear: “The waxen block in the heart of a man’s soul... may be smooth and deep, and large enough, and the signs are clearly marked and lasting” [1]
The time short-term memory retains information is limited and very short; if memories are not somehow supported, they can be forgotten in several seconds and the highest possible duration of short-term memory is 20-30 seconds [16]
The short-term memory capacity of most people is 7±2 units, if they deal with the memorization and producing of 10 words, numbers, pictures etc. that are extracted from the context [16, 17]
Summary
Researchers’ interest in memory arose long ago as evidenced by Plato (Greek philosopher, 427-347 B.C.) who metaphorically called memory a wax board in the person’s soul that keeps the image of everything we see or hear: “The waxen block in the heart of a man’s soul... may be smooth and deep, and large enough, and the signs are clearly marked and lasting” [1]. Information received by a person initially goes into short-term memory [6] that is, “faculties of the human mind that can hold a limited amount of information in a very accessible state temporarily” [7]. Short-term memory is a part of the work memory system that is able to keep information and to use it, and permits logical thinking, learning and comprehension. The ability of a person to memorize something depends on the speed of functioning of the short-term memory: the quicker it works, the better the ability to remember. The capacity of short-term memory differs in individuals and characterizes the natural memory of a person, the essence of which is the capacity to automatically memorize without usage of any special techniques [2]
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