Abstract
A three-year (2006-2008) field experiment was conducted at Swift Current and Star City in Saskatchewan to determine the short-term in-fluence of land-applied anaerobically digested swine manure (ADSM), conventionally treated swine manure (CTSM) and N fertilizer on total organic C (TOC), total organic N (TON), light fraction organic C (LFOC), light fraction organic N (LFON) and pH in the 0 - 7.5 and 7.5 - 15 cm soil layers, and ammonium-N, nitrate-N, extractable P, exchangeable K and sulphate-S in the 0 - 15, 15 - 30, 30 - 60, 60 - 90 and 90 - 120 cm soil layers. Treatments included spring and autumn applications of CTSM and ADSM at a 1x rate (10,000 and 7150 L·ha-1, respectively) applied each year, a 3x rate (30,000 and 21,450 L·ha-1, respectively) applied once at the beginning of the experiment, plus a treatment receiving commercial fertilizer (UAN at 60 kg·N·ha-1·yr-1) and a zero-N control. There was no effect of swine manure rate, type and application time on soil pH. Mass of TOC and TON in the 15 cm soil layer increased significantly with swine manure application compared to the control, mainly at the Swift Current site, with greater increases from 3x rate than 1x rate (by 2.21 Mg·C·ha-1 and 0.167 Mg·N·ha-1). Compared to the control, mass of LFOC and LFON in the 15 cm soil layer increased with swine manure application at sites, with greater increases from 3x rate than 1x rate (by 287 kg·C·ha-1 and 26 kg·N·ha-1 at Star City, and by 194 kg·C·ha-1 and 19·kg·N ha-1 at Swift Current). Mass of TOC and TON in soil layer was tended to be greater with ADSM than CTSM, but mass of LFOC and LFON in soil was greater with CTSM than ADSM. Mass of TOC, TON, LFOC and LFON in soil also increased with annual N fertilizer application compared to the control (by 3.2 Mg·C·ha-1 for TOC, 0.195 Mg·N·ha-1 for TON, 708 kg·C·ha-1 for LFOC and 45 kg·N·ha-1 for LFON). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the quantity and quality of organic C and N in soil can be affected by swine manure rate and type, and N fertilization even after three years, most likely by influencing inputs of C and N through crop residue, and improve soil quality.
Highlights
Of the approximately 30 million hogs marketed in Canada, nearly one-half of that industry is located in the Canadian prairie region, and approximately 90% of intensive livestock operations (ILOs) store manure in liquid form in a holding tank or lagoon until it can be land-applied
At Swift Current, mass of total organic C (TOC) and total organic N (TON) in soil increased with application of swine manure at 3x rate compared to control in the 0 - 7.5 and in the total 0 - 15 cm depth, with the greatest increase from 3x rate of anaerobically digested swine manure (ADSM) applied in spring (Table 4)
TOC and TON in soil was greater with 3x rate than 1x rate of swine manure, and greater with ADSM than conventionally treated swine manure (CTSM) in some cases
Summary
Of the approximately 30 million hogs marketed in Canada, nearly one-half of that industry is located in the Canadian prairie region, and approximately 90% of intensive livestock operations (ILOs) store manure in liquid form in a holding tank or lagoon until it can be land-applied. Land application of liquid swine manure (LSM) is an effective source of nutrients for crop production [1,2,3]. In LSM, there is usually less than 2% solid material [4] and most of the nutrients are in plant-available inorganic form. LSM can potentially increase soil organic C (SOC) mainly by supplying nutrients to crops [5,6] and increasing above and below ground plant biomass thereby adding organic matter to the soil. In the Prairie Provinces of Canada, previous research has OPEN ACCESS
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