Short-term effect of microencapsulated hydrocarbons on shell growth of Mytilus edulis

Abstract

Two North Sea crude oils, weathered crude oil, n-alkanes, medical liquid paraffin and a fish oil were microencapsulated and added to seawater. This gave a medium containing both water soluble fractions (WSF) and oil particles, and thus simulated the conditions in natural seawater contaminated with oil. The microencapsulated oils were fed to Mytilus edulis L. in different concentrations, and the growth in terms of shell length of the mussels was measured in intervals of 24 to 48 h for 4 to 12d. With the crude oilss A and B, weathered crude oil and n-alkanes at concentrations≧1 mg l-1, shell growth rate decreased rapidly compared to controls. With liquid paraffin at levels of 1 to 12 mg l-1, a small but significant negative effect on shell growth occurred after 5 d of exposure. Exposure to fish oil at 1 and 4 mg l-1 gave no significant reduction in growth rate. The toxicity of the different hydrocarbons was not related to their content of aromatic fractions. Crude oil B was tested at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 12 mg l-1. At 0.12 mg l-1 shell growth was not significantly different from the control, while at 0.25 and 0.50 mg l-1 a temporary and significant stimulation of growth was observed. The product concentration (C)xresponse (R) shows a linear regression on exposure time (t). The regression model CxR=75-0.18t is used to estimate EC-values (effect of a given concentration) for given response levels. The model gives a very good fit to observed data.