Short-Term Effect of Daily Herbage Allowance Restriction on Pasture Condition and the Performance of Grazing Dairy Cows during Autumn.

Verónica M Merino,M Jordana Rivero,Rubén G Pulido,Oscar A Balocchi

doi:10.3390/ani10010062

Abstract

Simple SummaryDaily herbage allowance (defined as herbage mass × daily offered area) is recognized as the main grazing management factor to improve pasture utilization and milk output per hectare. Daily herbage allowances should balance the dual objectives of high milk output per hectare while maintaining the quality of the pasture to optimize the profitability of grazing-based dairy production systems. We tested two contrasting herbage allowances (17 and 25 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day) and two levels of maize silage supplementation (4.5 and 9 kg DM/cow.day) in grazing dairy cows and measured a set of variables related to pasture management, sward characteristics, dynamic of herbage depletion throughout the grazing sessions, and cows grazing behavior, among others. Our results suggest that a more intensive grazing regime of 17 kg DM/cow per day of daily herbage allowance rather than a high level of supplementation with maize silage is appropriate to improve milk production and solids yield per hectare without affecting pasture quality or sward characteristics over the short-term.The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of daily herbage allowance (DHA, defined as the product of pre-grazing herbage mass and offered area per animal) on pasture conditions and milk production of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Forty-four early lactation dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design that tested two levels of DHA (17 and 25 kg DM/cow.day) and two levels of maize silage supplementation (MSS, 4.5 and 9 kg DM/cow.day) over a 77-day period. Low DHA decreased the post-grazing herbage mass from 1546 to 1430 kg DM/ha and the compressed sward height from 5 to 4.4 cm, while the grazing efficiency remained unaffected. Low DHA induced a faster herbage mass reduction, while the sward-height and pasture characteristics did not differ from the high DHA regime. Low DHA decreased the tiller production rates and daily lamina growth, while the leaf-production rate was not affected by the DHA. Daily increases of herbage mass were greater in the high DHA than in the low DHA treatments. Individual milk production and milk protein concentration decreased at a low DHA compared to high DHA, while the milk fat concentration was greater and the milk output per hectare increased by 1510 kg. Neither the MSS level nor the interaction DHA by the MSS level had any effect on the sward characteristics or the productivity of the cows. From these results, it is suggested that, in a high-quality pasture, using 17 kg DM/cow.day was appropriate for improving both herbage utilization and milk production per hectare while maintaining the short-term conditions of a pasture grazed by dairy cows in the autumn.

Highlights

The increased interest in pasture-based milk production systems is a consequence of lower feed cost and improved animal welfare [1]
Cows grazing under low daily herbage allowance (DHA) conditions had 116 kg DM/ha less post-grazing herbage mass (HM) and 0.6 cm post-grazing compressed sward heights (CSH) than the high DHA regime (Table 1)
Despite the provided area being reduced by 32.4 m2 /cow in the low DHA compared to the high DHA treatments, there was no difference in the grazing efficiencies between DHA groups

Summary

Introduction

The increased interest in pasture-based milk production systems is a consequence of lower feed cost and improved animal welfare [1]. Of the total variable costs of milk production systems [2], increased profitability can be achieved through greater pasture utilization and a more efficient conversion of grass herbage into milk [3]. The success of more intensive pastoral dairy production systems requires grazing managements that ensure an adequate provision of high-quality herbage without altering sward characteristics plus a strategic supplementation with low-cost feeds that support the increased milk production and milk solids per hectare. A reduction in DHA increases grazing severity and is an option to maximize profitability per hectare (ha) of dairy systems by increasing herbage utilization (measured as the percentage of forage harvested from available pasture) and milk production per hectare [8]. Lower DHA contribute to avoiding the generation of excessive levels of refused herbage over the short-term [9]

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