Abstract
The short legacy effects of growing season nitrogen (N) addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are still unclear. Therefore, a field manipulative experiment to determine the responses of nongrowing season Rs and its components to growing season N addition and reduced precipitation was conducted in a temperate forest. The results show that growing season N addition and reduced precipitation significantly increased nongrowing season Rs by regulating the response of Ra and Rh. The combination of N addition and reduced precipitation also showed a much stronger effect on Rs and its components, but the magnitude and direction largely depended on the snowpack thickness. The effects of growing season N addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season Rs and its components were mediated by different sampling periods. N addition significantly decreased Rs by decreasing Rh in early winter and significantly increased Rs by increasing Ra in deep winter and late winter. All treatments decreased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs and Rh. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how nongrowing season Rs and its components will change under growing season N addition and reduced precipitation and could improve predictions of the future states of the soil C cycle in response to climate change.
Highlights
Soil respiration (Rs) plays an important role in regulating the global carbon (C) cycle and consists of both autotrophic respiration (Ra) from roots and their symbionts and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from free-living soil microbes [1,2]
Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how nongrowing season Rs and its components will change under growing season N addition and reduced precipitation and could improve predictions of the future states of the soil C cycle in response to climate change
Our results suggested that growing season N addition and reduced precipitation had increasing effects on the nongrowing season Rh, Ra, and Rs, but the effect highly depended on the sampling periods and thickness of snowpack
Summary
Soil respiration (Rs) plays an important role in regulating the global carbon (C) cycle and consists of both autotrophic respiration (Ra) from roots and their symbionts and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from free-living soil microbes [1,2]. As the combined metabolism of soil microorganisms and plant roots, Rs is inevitably influenced by both soil abiotic and biotic factors (e.g., soil temperature, soil water availability, and soil nitrogen (N) availability) [3,4]. Rapid ongoing climate change, including drought and nitrogen deposition, would change soil biotic and abiotic factors, which may significantly affect Rs and its components [5]. Soil N availability and moisture have been identified as important factors affecting Rs and its components [6]. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the responses of Rs and its components to N addition and reduced precipitation [7,8]. Their results showed that the effect of
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