Short latency auditory evoked potentials recorded from non-anaesthetized thoroughbred horses

Abstract

The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) is a recording of the electrical activity of the brainstem following an acoustic stimulation. Up to seven peaks may be identified within 10 ms, and are labelled I to VII. The first five of these peaks are of most clinical importance, and in normal horses, peaks I, III and V are always present at stimulus intensities of 70–100 dB. Repeated sampling of clinically normal subjects at different stimulus intensities has enabled mean latency values to be determined for the ipsilateral and contralateral peaks I, III and V, and also for the interpeak latencies (IPLs) at each intensity. The maximum, normal, absolute latency for ipsilateral peak I was 1.86 ms, for peak III, 3.53 ms and for peak V, 5.52 ms. The equivalent contralateral values were 2.50 ms, 4.44 ms and 5.59 ms. The maximum, normal, contralateral IPL for I–III was 1.78 ms, that for III–V was 2.26 ms and for I–V was 3.76 ms. The maximum, normal, contralateral IPLs were 2.17 ms for I–III, 1.41 ms for III–V and 3.32 ms for I–V. If a peak or peaks are absent or delayed, or the IPL is greater than expected, the patient can be determined to have abnormal brainstem or auditory nerve conduction. The amplitudes of peaks I and V were measured, and the ratio of amplitudes was determined, to find the normal V:I values. At a stimulus intensity of 100 dB, the ipsilateral ratio was 0.49 ± 0.19, and the contralateral value 1.49 ± 0.48. Dispersal values were also calculated, by dividing the height of the III–V complex by its duration. For a stimulus intensity of 100 dB, the ipsilateral dispersal value was 0.416 ± 0.104 μV/ms, and the contralateral value of 0.473 ± 0.074 μV/ms. A range of normal values for both V:I ratio and dispersal were calculated. Height, weight and inter-aural distance were measured, and the relationship of the various peaks and IPLs to these variables was ascertained by statistical analysis. For the ipsilateral values, the correlation between the latency of wave V, and III–V and I–V IPLs and weight were significant ( P < 0.01). Significant correlations were found between weight and the latency of contralateral waves III ( P < 0.05) and V ( P < 0.05) and the I–III ( P < 0.01) and I–V ( P < 0.001) IPLs. Wave V and the I–V IPL only were significantly correlated with height ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) and with inter-aural distance ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 respectively). By obtaining these normal data, the BAEP can be used in future as a diagnostic tool in all patients with suspected auditory and brainstem problems.