Abstract
To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) of high-oxygen concentration in pulmonary dysfunction in adult and elderly rats. Twenty-eight adult (A) and elderly (E), male rats were ventilated for 1 hour (G-AV1 and G-EV1) or for 3 hours (G-AV3 and G-EV3). A and E groups received a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, respiratory rate of 70 cycles per minute, and an inspiratory fraction of oxygen of 1. We evaluated total protein content and malondialdehyde in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and performed lung histomorphometrical analyses. In G-EV1 animals, total protein in BAL was higher (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) compared with G-AV1 (23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Upon 180 minutes of MV, malondialdehyde levels increased in elderly (G-EV3) compared with adult (G-AV3) groups. Malondialdehyde and total proteins in BAL after 3 hours of MV were higher in elderly group than in adults. In G-EV3 group we observed alveolar septa dilatation and significative increase in neutrofiles number in relation to adult group at 60 and 180 minutes on MV. A higher fraction of inspired oxygen in short courses of mechanical ventilation ameliorates the parameters studied in elderly lungs.
Highlights
Patients have become an increasingly prevalent proportion of the intensive care unit (ICU) population
Twenty eight male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) from which 14 were adult (4 month-old, body weight [bw] - 320– 360 g) and 14 were elderly (24 month-old, bw 430–465 g), were divided in four groups (n = 7 animals each) as follows: adult (GAV1) and elderly (G-EV1) rats ventilated for 1 hour; and adult (GAV3) and elderly (G-EV3) rats ventilated for 3 hours
We investigated whether bronchoalveolar levels of malondialdehyde, total protein and neutrophil influx in elderly rats submitted to mechanical ventilation for 1 hour and 3 hours
Summary
Patients have become an increasingly prevalent proportion of the intensive care unit (ICU) population. Outcomes of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been significantly improved in recent years[1]. In the very elderly population (85 years and older), the acute severity of illness is the most significant predictor of mortality after an ICU admission associated with a significant functional deterioration[2,3]. Artificial ventilation is one of the most important techniques in the ICU, besides being an important tool in the approach of the acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) of any nature or in other cases[7,8]. In many cases of respiratory diseases, the use of ventilatory support is required. A ventilatory support is needed in other situations, including sepsis and sepsis shock; neuromuscular disease; during postoperative state; and in cases of altered mental status with loss of consciousness[9,10]
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