Abstract
Aim of study: Evaluate times and yields in the transformation of pine logs to pieces of pallets.Area of study: Four sawmills of the forest region of El Salto, Durango, Mexico.Material and methods: The sample size was 388 logs with 32.91 m3 as volume without bark grouped in four diameter classes and five taper classes. The transformation time was estimated using the “Snap-back timing” method, and yield was defined as the ratio between pallets and log volume.Main results: The time required to obtain 1000 bft of pallets is approximately 5.8 hours and the mean yield is 56%. This means that for each cubic meter of logs without bark, it is possible to obtain 240 board feet of pallets (bft). In addition, 4.16 m3 of logs without bark are required to obtain 1000 board feet of pallets. The estimated mean productivity was 0.54 m3/h.Research highlights: As the log diameter increases, yield also increases. The taper of the logs was not significant in the transformation yield.Key words: Indicators of productivity; pallets; diameter logs; taper; sawmilling process; lumber yield; raw material; Mexico.
Highlights
IntroductionTo reduce loss of raw material, improve the quality of the products and optimize the use of labor and equipment are pending tasks in the continuous development of the productive sector (Aguilera et al, 2005)
The rational use of forest resources plays an important role in the economic and social development of Mexico
There are factors inherent to the raw material that cannot be modified, especially those related to the form of the log (Rocha, 2002; Vital, 2008)
Summary
To reduce loss of raw material, improve the quality of the products and optimize the use of labor and equipment are pending tasks in the continuous development of the productive sector (Aguilera et al, 2005). Productivity and profitability of the sawing process are indicators that help to have better control and planning of the activities carried out in the sawmill. The studies of times and yields are a powerful tool making it possible to know the situation of the use of the human resources and materials in the sawmills. The factors that have a positive or negative effect on the wood transformation process are: characteristics of the machinery and equipment, the performance of the operators, as well as the form, dimensions and properties of the raw material. The pallets for packing are an option for using tips and branches derived from forest management; they are used as support and cargo surface in the transport and storage of a great variety of products
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