Abstract
Circulating uric acid concentrations have been linked to various metabolic diseases. Consumption of large boluses of nucleotides increases serum uric acid concentrations. We investigated the effect of a nucleotide-rich mixed meal on postprandial circulating uric acid, glucose, and insulin responses. Ten healthy adults participated in a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which they consumed a mixed-meal containing either nucleotide-depleted mycoprotein (L-NU) or high-nucleotide mycoprotein (H-NU) on two separate visits. Blood samples were collected in the postabsorptive state and throughout a 24 h postprandial period, and were used to determine circulating uric acid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Mixed meal ingestion had divergent effects on serum uric acid concentrations across conditions (time x condition interaction; P < 0.001), with L-NU decreasing transiently (from 45 to 240 min postprandially) by ~7% (from 279 ± 16 to 257 ± 14 µmol·L−1) and H-NU resulting in a ~12% increase (from 284 ± 13 to 319 ± 12 µmol·L−1 after 210 min), remaining elevated for 12 h and returning to baseline concentrations after 24 h. There were no differences between conditions in blood glucose or serum insulin responses, nor in indices of insulin sensitivity. The ingestion of a nucleotide-rich mixed-meal increases serum uric acid concentrations for ~12 h, but does not influence postprandial blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations.
Highlights
Free ribonucleic acid (RNA) naturally occurs to varying degrees in many dietary protein sources.Upon ingestion, RNA is digested and absorbed as its constituent nitrogenous nucleotide bases, pentose sugars and phosphate ions
We have previously shown that this process is effective, since the ingestion of nucleotide depleted mycoprotein up to quantities of 40 g did not influence postprandial circulating uric acid concentrations [12], with even 60 g causing only a transient (~2 h) and modest rise, and in line with the consumption of other protein sources [14]
By obtaining nucleotide depleted and non-depleted mycoprotein containing food products, we were able to test the hypothesis that the ingestion of a single nucleotide-rich mixed meal would acutely increase circulating uric acid concentrations and impair postprandial glucose handling
Summary
Free ribonucleic acid (RNA) naturally occurs to varying degrees in many dietary protein sources. Protein Advisory Group recommendation to limit the additional dietary nucleic acid load from single cell protein novel foods to no more than 2 g/day [9,10] How this translates to practical nutrition is unclear, since the ingestion of a high nucleotide containing mixed meal upon circulating uric acid concentrations has not been investigated. We have previously shown that this process is effective, since the ingestion of nucleotide depleted mycoprotein up to quantities of 40 g did not influence postprandial circulating uric acid concentrations [12], with even 60 g causing only a transient (~2 h) and modest (from ~350 to ~380 μmol·L−1 ; well below clinically relevant thresholds of >420 μmol·L−1 [13]) rise, and in line with the consumption of other protein sources [14]. By obtaining nucleotide depleted and non-depleted mycoprotein containing food products, we were able to test the hypothesis that the ingestion of a single nucleotide-rich mixed meal would acutely increase circulating uric acid concentrations and impair postprandial glucose handling
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