Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral element required for plant growth, and when soil availability of Fe is low, plants show symptoms of severe deficiency. Under conditions of Fe deficiency, plants alter several processes to acquire Fe from soil. In this study, we used rice cultivars H 9405 with high Fe accumulation in seeds and Yang 6 with low Fe accumulation in seeds to study their physiological responses to different conditions of Fe availability. In both shoots and roots, the responses of ROS enzymes, leaf and root ultrastructure and photosynthetic system to iron deficiency in Yang 6 were much sensitive than those in H 9405. For the distribution of iron, the iron content was much higher in roots of Yang 6, in contrast to higher shoot content in H 9405. Differential responses were shown with the Fe content in roots and shoots, which were the opposite in the two varieties; thus, we proposed the existence of long-distance signals. Then split root and shoot removal experiments were used to demonstrate that a long-distance signal was involved in the iron-deficient rice plant, and the signal strength was highly correlated with the functional leaves.
Highlights
Iron (Fe) is an important mineral nutrient that is vital for a variety of cellular and other physiological functions ranging from metabolism to growth and development, including chlorophyll synthesis, respiration, redox reactions, and electron transfer
To investigate the adaptive mechanism of rice grown under iron deficiency, proteins differentially accumulated in leaves and roots of Yang 6 under Fe deficiency growth condition were profiled using a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) in our earlier study (Chen et al, 2015)
The results provide a comprehensive way to understand, at the level of proteins, the adaptive mechanism used by rice shoots and roots under iron deficiency
Summary
Iron (Fe) is an important mineral nutrient that is vital for a variety of cellular and other physiological functions ranging from metabolism to growth and development, including chlorophyll synthesis, respiration, redox reactions, and electron transfer. Fe is one of the most abundant elements in the geosphere, Fe deficiency has become a common problem in plant production worldwide, many plants suffer from Fe deficiency (Schmidt, 2003). This deficiency is because most Fe in soil exists as Fe oxides, phosphate, or other insoluble compounds (Grusak et al, 1999), limiting the uptake and effectiveness. Based on molecular biology studies, plants activate processes that are correlated with Fe absorption, transfer, and utilization in adapting to a low Fe environment. Plants adopt two Fe-absorption strategies, reduction (strategy I) and chelation (strategy II).
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