Abstract
The majority of the plant body is derived from the activities of groups of specialized cells, known as apical meristems, at the growing tips. In a typical flowering plant, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to the bulk of the above-ground portion of the plant, whereas root meristems give rise to the bulk of the subterranean plant body. Of course, not all plants are typical, and numerous exceptions to these broad generalizations are found in nature. For example, aerial roots are a common feature, and rhizomes or other subterranean shoot systems have SAMs that remain beneath the soil. Whether or not a plant is typical, the apical meristems of the plant represent the site at which organs are initiated and the pattern of the shoot and root system is established. In this review, we focus on meristem formation in the vegetative shoots of flowering plants. Although the term “meristem” can be used in a broad sense to refer to any actively growing portion of the plant, we limit our discussion to those portions of the plant that generate new lateral organs. Shoot and root meristems behave in different ways. The
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