Shocklets in the comet Halley plasma

Abstract

Dust acoustic (DA) waves evolving into shocklets are investigated in the comet Halley plasma system relaxing to Maxwellian, Kappa, and Cairns distributions. Here, dynamics of dust is described by the fully nonlinear continuity and momentum equations. A set of two characteristic wave nonlinear equations is obtained and numerically solved to examine the DA solitary pulse that develops into oscillatory shocklets with the course of time such as at time τ=0, symmetric solitary pulses are formed, which develop into oscillatory shocklets. It has been observed that the variation in superthermality strongly affects the profiles of nonlinear DA structures in terms of negative potential, dust velocity, and density.