SHM ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЦІЛІСНОСТІ АВІАЦІЙНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ. ОГЛЯД СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ

Abstract

The article contains review of structural health monitoring (SHM) methods. The review covers period from 1997 to now. The article attention is aviation industry as the primary user of SHM technologies. The cost reduced as motivation factors of SHM application to aviation are regarded in the article. Automatisation of control procedures and using of attached sensors are main factors of cost reduced exploitation aircrafts. Beside, SHM technologies are regarded as element of safe operation of aircraft reinforced plastic constructions. Basic principles (axioms) of the technology are presented and commented on. The article contains information on the five main methods of SHM technology - acousto-ultrasonic methods of electromechanical impedance (EMI) and Lamb waves (LW), fiber optic sensors (FO), pressure comparison method (CVM) and method of percolation sensors. The information concerns the principle of the method, application, advantages and disadvantages of the application, the technological readiness levels (TRL) on examples used of these methods. Usually, these methods are utilized for monitoring the like plate construction. The methods can determine, localized and identify the flaws as cracks in metal and plastic plate, the delaminating of reinforced plastic constructions, loosening rivet connections, corrosion damage. The methods have TLR 6-8. The equipment samples and sensors systems are utilized on constructions of experimental and series aircrafts. The road map and examples of validation of SHM-technologies in the aviation industry are considered by discussion of SAE standard ARP 6461. The S-SHM and A-SHM technologies are considered in the section. The implementation cases of SHM solutions from aircraft production companies and exploitation organizations are presented. Information is provided about R&D projects on the subject of SHM-technologies, which are in the European scientific space in FP 7 and HORIZON 2020. The projects concern research of installation SHM systems on aircraft constructions, of development of new SHM solutions and equipments, education project. Financial resource of these projects consists from EU budget, finance of industrial companies and regional budgets. The question of terminology translation from English to Ukraine is regarded in the article. The definition of the term SHM and its connection with related technologies of NDE is given.