Abstract
With the increasing demands for energy resources, hydrocarbon development is expanding its field to what is called frontiers, including ice-covered waters. Surface transportation by tankers in ice plays an important role as a major transportation mode of the developed resources to and from the refmery and/or to the market. On the other hand, ice-covered waters are known to be vulnerable to pollution. Large oil spilling by a tanker accident could cause irretrievable damage to the environment. Oil spilling response in ice, however, requires totally different technologies from those in open water conditions. For the sustainable development of resources in ice-covered waters it is indispensable to secure shipping safety and prepare a proper response system against pollution due to oil spilling.
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