Abstract
The chapter is concerned with the potential of alternative fuels, i.e., any other fuel than conventional fossil fuels, for powering ships. The alternative fuels surveyed in this chapter include liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, hydrogen, ammonia, as well as synthetic fuels (e-fuels). The chapter explains how digital twin's simulation capabilities, can be used to model complex energy systems and alternative fuels and compute emissions, power consumption/output, etc., virtually. The chapter provides a comparison of alternative marine fuels, in terms of storage requirements and energy converters (e.g., combustion engines, fuel cells) suitability. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of digital twins in supporting further research and development towards the evolution of alternative fuels.
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