Shifting the paradigm

Abstract

A reiteration of the concluding section of ‘The paradigm that lost its way’ (International Affairs, October 2001) explains that the attitudes which shape Western behaviour and its approach to international relations are a product of the circumstances that prevailed from 1945 to 1953, which became entrenched by the Cold War. The article argues that this ‘adversarial national security paradigm’ is increasingly dysfunctional; it is ill-suited to the global problems that lie ahead and the West should shift to a ‘cooperative global security paradigm’. The reflexive aspects of international relations are highlighted and the utility of attitudinal paradigms is discussed, before turning to consider how a paradigm shift might be engineered. Drawing on recent examples, the prerequisites are shown to be: an impulse for change (common fears, a shared vision); the removal of obstacles to change (usually the most difficult); an engine of change; and a precipitating event or agency. The rest of the article discusses how these prerequisites could be met and shows how Britain could act as precipitator. A postscript considers the relevance of 11 September 2001 to these ideas.