Abstract

An annotated reference sequence representing the hexaploid bread wheat genome in 21 pseudomolecules has been analyzed to identify the distribution and genomic context of coding and noncoding elements across the A, B, and D subgenomes. With an estimated coverage of 94% of the genome and containing 107,891 high-confidence gene models, this assembly enabled the discovery of tissue- and developmental stage-related coexpression networks by providing a transcriptome atlas representing major stages of wheat development. Dynamics of complex gene families involved in environmental adaptation and end-use quality were revealed at subgenome resolution and contextualized to known agronomic single-gene or quantitative trait loci. This community resource establishes the foundation for accelerating wheat research and application through improved understanding of wheat biology and genomics-assisted breeding.

Highlights

  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the most widely-cultivated crop on earth, contributes about a fifth of total calories consumed by humans and provides more protein than any other food source [1]

  • Using International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq v1.0, we developed a diagnostic SNP marker physically linked to the copy number variation (CNV) that has been deployed to select for stemsolidness in wheat breeding programs (Fig. 5B)

  • 15 IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 is a resource that has a potential for disruptive innovation in wheat improvement

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Summary

Main Text

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the most widely-cultivated crop on earth, contributes about a fifth of total calories consumed by humans and provides more protein than any other food source [1]. High levels of expansion and variation in members of grain prolamin gene families (Fig. S52 [46]) that can either be related to the response to heat stress or 10 whose protein epitopes are associated with levels of coeliac disease and food allergies [46], provide candidates for future selection in breeding programs From these few examples, it is evident that flexibility in gene copy numbers within the wheat genome has contributed to the adaptability of wheat to produce high quality grain under diverse climates and environments [47]. These results exemplify how the IWGSC RefSeqv1.0 could accelerate the development of diagnostic markers and the design of targets for genome editing for traits relevant to breeding

Conclusions
Summary
Findings
10 Genome Size Analysis
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