Abstract
Global warming has led to increases in the frequency and intensity of typhoons. In recent years, super typhoons have had a greater impact on agriculture in the black soil farmland of Northeast China, posing serious threats to crop growth. Planting trees as windbreaks and to reduce erosion is common in this region, but their protective effects against crop damage from typhoons is still unknown. This paper studied the protective effect of different shelterbelt structures on crops that encountered a super typhoon. The results show that the distance between shelterbelt rows and shelterbelt porosity have significant influences on the starting lodging distance of crops behind the shelterbelt. Increasing the shelterbelt distance between shelterbelt rows or reducing shelterbelt porosity can enhance their protective effects on crops. Among the main crops, rice has the strongest lodging resistance, followed by soybeans, with maize being the least resistant. The protective effect of mixed tree and shrub shelterbelts is better than that of single tree species shelterbelts. Dead or missing trees reduce the shelterbelt protective effect. These results provide strategies for reducing the impact of more intense and frequent super typhoons.
Highlights
The intensification of super typhoons, the tropical cyclones found in the western North Pacific, ranks among the most destructive natural hazards under the conditions of global warming [1]
Shelterbelt porosity alone may be the decisive factor for determining the ILCD
In the non-degraded shelterbelt, the ILCD varied greatly among shelterbelts with a similar porosity, which indicates that the ILCD was related to some other factors
Summary
The intensification of super typhoons, the tropical cyclones found in the western North Pacific, ranks among the most destructive natural hazards under the conditions of global warming [1]. While the southeast coast is the region of China most frequency affected by typhoons [2], over the past 50 years, the effects of typhoons have increasingly been moving further north, with records showing that more typhoons with a greater intensity are arriving in Northeast China [3,4]. In 2019, super Typhoons Lekima and Lingling had an impact on crops in Northeast China [5,6]. In 2020, three super typhoons affected China’s northern-most province, Heilongjiang—Typhoon Bavi made landfall in North Korea in late August, followed in quick succession by Typhoon Maysak, which crossed the Korean Peninsula into China in early September, and Typhoon Haishen followed just days later. Strong winds and heavy precipitation accompanied these super typhoons, causing widespread crop damage in Heilongjiang Province
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