Abstract
Active packaging incorporated with natural extracts is a promising technology to extend shelf life of perishable food. Therefore, this study aimed to produce a bionanocomposite based on chitosan reinforced with sodium montmorillonite (MMT) and incorporated with ginger essential oil (GEO). In vitro activity was assessed through migration assay and antimicrobial study against foodborne bacteria. Phenolic compounds were diffused within 48 h of contact, and retained some of their antioxidant activity. Films demonstrated antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria tested. The effect on the shelf life of fresh poultry meat was determined on samples wrapped in the biopolymers and stored under refrigeration for 15 days, through physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Compared to unwrapped poultry meat, samples wrapped in the bionanocomposites showed a reduction in microorganisms count of 1.2–2.6 log CFU/g, maintained color and pH values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) index increased at a lower rate, extending fresh poultry meat shelf life. The incorporation of GEO enhanced the biopolymer activity, by reducing lipid oxidation and microbiological growth of the poultry meat. In contrast, reinforcement with MMT imprisoned the active compounds in the polymeric chain, hindering its activity. In conclusion, the bionanocomposites tested represent promising substitutes to commercial and unsustainable plastic films.
Highlights
Poultry meat is considered a healthy source of high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the omega (n)-3 fatty acids [1], and still remains one of the cheapest sources of protein [2]
Diffusion coefficient of Total phenol content (TPC), maximum TPC released ratio andthe percentage ethanol followed an simulant/total
Similar behavior was reported in the migration ethanol followed an “exponential growth to a maximum” migration pattern, reaching the equilibrium of TPC from green tea extract incorporated in ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) films to 95%
Summary
Poultry meat is considered a healthy source of high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the omega (n)-3 fatty acids [1], and still remains one of the cheapest sources of protein [2]. Biodegradable bioactive food packaging has aroused considerable interest to extend shelf life and guarantee safety of perishable food susceptible to microbial alteration [5]. Through this approach, the industry is capable of overcoming its three currently big problems or concerns: reduce food spoilage and food poisoning [5]; attend to the consumer’s demand for “healthier” and less chemically modified products [3]; and reduce the disposal problem created through the growth of demand and use of petroleum-based plastic materials [6], as biodegradable biopolymers are a more environmentally friendly alternative. Bioactive substances are incorporated into the system to enhance the quality and to extend the shelf life of products, e.g., meat [7], through three different methods, namely: by direct incorporation of active compounds into the polymeric matrix; as edible films and coatings with bioactive substances; and as activated sachet, patch or tablet [8]
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