Abstract
This article discusses the socio-religious critique of Sheikh Djamil Djaho on the religious and socio-society conditions in Minangkabau. Analysis of the content and approach of social history-intellectuals was used to dissect the contents of the book Tazkirat al-Qulub associated with social-religious context in the policy at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of texts it is known that Sheikh Djaho expressed his criticism towards several groups. Among the groups are (1) scholars, (2) worshippers, (3) Sufism experts, and (4) experts of the world. According to Sheikh Djaho, the four groups might include gurur (faction), when they use intelligence in their respective fields as masks, not in honesty. This study shows three points. First, the presence of Sheikh Djaho's criticism departs from the reality of the life of the clergy and layman at that time. Second, the reality of social life keeps a text alive in society. Third, the solution to social-religious reality in the early 20th century was the practice of tasawwuf.
Highlights
Minangkabau is an area that had significant religious dynamics in the early 20th century (Schrieke, 1975: 4)
From the composition of the chapter, as will be explained later, and the discussion, and the presence of local content relating to religious circumstances in Minangkabau, it all proves that this book is his own work, it is possible that Sheikh Djaho was influenced by al-Ghazali’s tas}awwuf thoughts
In the circle of ulamas, he was a respected figure. His position as a ulama is supported by his intellectuality and activities in the filed of education, namely the founder and caretaker of the Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah Djaho
Summary
Minangkabau is an area that had significant religious dynamics in the early 20th century (Schrieke, 1975: 4). Apart from the emergence of the reformers, who tried to modernize the religious tradition that had been passed down by the previous generation, it was nuanced by the interests of the Dutch colonial and the rise of the spirit of nationalism (Hadler, 2010) Various elites, in this context are scholars, tried to establish influence in the midst of society. One form of response to socio-religious dynamics in the early 20th century was written by Sheikh Muhammad Djamil Djaho (1975-1950) in a book called Tazkirat al-Qulub fi-Mu‘amalat ‘Allam al-Guyub. This book became one of the reading materials for tas}awwuf subject in madrassas in the environment of Tarbiyah Islamiyah Association This implies that this book is still considered relevant to addressing the current socio-community situation. The research problems are how did Sheikh Djamil respond to the socioreligious dynamics of his day? How did Sheikh Djamil assess the overlapping situation between modernity, colonialism, and degradation of etiquette? They will all be discussed based on content analysis on the work of Sheikh Djamil Djaho
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