Shear-wave splitting associated with fluid processes beneath Styra, South Euboea: First results

Abstract

The intense and persistent seismic activity on the Island of Euboea (or Evia) was a unique opportunity to study anisotropy in a region without any notable prior seismicity. The study area is located in the central-western Aegean Sea and constitutes the endpoint where the North Aegean Trough and four parallel dextral strike-slip fault branches terminate against the Greek mainland, along with their sinistral counterparts. Even though seismicity has been recorded around the island, the affected area close to the town of Styra has no known reported earthquakes. In 2022, surprising activity was initiated by two moderate earthquakes (ML 4.8 and ML 5.0) that occurred on 29 November and were felt as far as Athens. The activity continued well into the second quarter of 2023, with over 1000 microearthquakes being recorded. A pre-planned nearby temporary installation of a broadband instrument (GR27), in the context of the AdriaArray project, offered recordings of the activity. Here, we investigated the occurrence and cause of shear-wave splitting beneath Styra. Based on focal mechanisms of local earthquakes we inferred the stress axes. A fully automated process was used to analyze data for shear-wave splitting and determine the polarization direction of the Sfast (φ), the time-delay (td) and the normalized time-delay (tn). A total of 272 acceptable results showcased a unimodal distribution of φ with an average of N68°E and a mean td of 80 ms. We observed temporal variations of splitting parameters, associated with outbursts of seismicity, not with individual events. The determination of the shear-wave velocity anisotropy, jointly with observations of other splitting parameters, led us to hypothesize that anisotropy is the result of along-fault fluid processes. However, this would require a convincing selection of the NE-SW nodal plane as the preferred fault orientation. Further enrichment of the catalogue and an increase in splitting results is required to draw more robust conclusions.