Abstract
Formation of shear bands is one of the most remarkable phenomena in the dynamics of granular matter. Several parameters have been so far identified to influence the behavior of the shear bands. We carried out experiments to investigate the evolution of the shear bands in the split-bottom Couette cell in the presence of confining pressure. We employed the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to characterize the shear band both in the absence and presence of external pressure. Our results show that the location and width of the shear band are affected by both the confining pressure and the filling height. The shear zone evolves towards the middle of the cylinder and expands to a broader region with increasing applied pressure or filling height; also the angular velocity decreases relative to the rotation rate of the bottom disk. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical observations on the formation of wide shear bands at free surfaces.
Highlights
1 Introduction ferred shear to the bulk induced by the slow rotation of the Granular matter is a collection of individual solid particles, with a dissipative and athermal nature
Since the shear rate is low and particles mostly have frictional contacts, the system is in the slow transitional state, where the shear stress is independent of the magnitude of shear rate but depends on the stresses applied on the boundaries
We studied the characteristics of shear zones in a split-bottom Couette cell by using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique
Summary
1 Introduction ferred shear to the bulk induced by the slow rotation of the Granular matter is a collection of individual (macroscopic) solid particles, with a dissipative and athermal nature. The dependence of the shear-band evolution on the ratio of the filling height H to the radius RC of the bottom disk with a rough surface was studied [6, 7, 9]. H causes axial slip; the dissipation due to shear transformation between different layers increases, resulting in the gradual decrease of angular velocity at the surface, as well as the deviation of the flow profile from the error function form [4, 9, 10].
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