Abstract
The paper presents the results of research on the influence of compaction on the shear strength of fly ash, unburnt and burnt coal wastes, and a composite (a mixture of unburnt coal waste and 30% of fly ash). The tests were carried out in a triaxial compression apparatus on samples with a diameter and height of 10 and 20 cm, respectively. In order to verify usability of the tested waste materials for earthworks, stability calculations of the road embankment made of these materials were carried out. It was shown that the tested materials were characterized by high values of shear strength parameters, which significantly depended on compaction. The most favorable values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion were obtained for the burnt coal waste, slightly lower for the composite, and the lowest for the fly ash. Stability calculations for the road embankment model showed that the slope inclination and the load on the embankment have a significant influence on the factor of safety. It was also shown that a decrease in cohesion causes significant decrease in the factor of safety. The tests and the stability calculations showed that the tested waste materials are useful for earth construction purposes.
Highlights
Wastes are substances or objects that are disposed of, intended to be disposed of, or required to be disposed of
The tests showed that industrial wastes had high values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion, which confirms their usefulness in earthworks
The most favorable values of these parameters were obtained for the burnt coal waste, and slightly less for the composite of unburnt coal waste and 30% of fly ash
Summary
Wastes are substances or objects that are disposed of, intended to be disposed of, or required to be disposed of. In the case of industrial waste, the main method of disposal is landfilling. This method may pose a significant threat to the environment, especially during improper landfilling or if the landfill location is wrong. The best solution is when the largest amount of waste is being managed. It is earth construction, including road construction, which allows for disposal of the largest amounts of industrial waste [1,2,3,4,5]
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