Shear Strength and Consolidation Behaviour of Kaolin Clay Reinforced with a Granular Column Backfilled with Crushed Waste Glass

Abstract

Abstract Granular columns are commonly used for ground improvement. However, minimal research is presently available on the effect of backfill particle size on the geotechnical performance of granular column-reinforced soil. Geo-environmentally, using crushed waste glass (CWG) as a sustainable replacement for depleting traditional construction sands could offer a cleaner feedstock to backfill granular columns while helping recycle growing stockpiles of waste glass, potentially supporting the circular economy transition and decarbonisation of the construction industry. Given these multi-pronged motivations, this study investigated the shear strength and consolidation behaviour of kaolin reinforced with a CWG granular column. Three different particle size ranges (PSR) of CWG were discretely used to install a granular column in the kaolin bed, including fine (0.50–1.0 mm), medium (1.0–1.7 mm) and coarse (1.7–3.35 mm) particles with median particle sizes of 0.78 mm, 1.42 mm and 2.30 mm, respectively. The geocomposite containing a medium CWG column showed the highest increase in friction angle, increasing from 14.0° for kaolin only specimens to 20.7° for the geocomposites. Similarly, the consolidation behaviour of reinforced kaolin (geocomposites) was typically superior to that of kaolin only specimens. Notably, installing a coarse, medium or fine CWG column decreased the average compression index (Cc) of the geocomposites by almost 17%, 35% or 50%, respectively, compared to that of the kaolin only specimens. Given the promising results of this initial study, some suggestions are provided for future studies on assessing the application of CWG as an alternative backfill and sustainable geomaterial in granular column construction. Video abstract This internationally-partnered Video Abstract highlights the findings of the research study, indicating that crushed waste glass (CWG) could potentially serve as a sustainable geomaterial and be used as a replacement for traditional construction sand to backfill granular columns in clayey soils for ground improvement, helping reduce the unsustainable exploitation of sand resources and increasing waste glass recycling, potentially supporting the paradigm shift to a circular economy and contributing to decarbonisation of the construction industry.