Shear Bond Strength and Antibacterial Efficacy of Cinnamon and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Experimental Orthodontic Adhesive—An In Vitro Comparative Study

Abstract

This in vitro study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) and antibacterial efficacy of an orthodontic adhesive containing either cinnamon or titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). A total sample of 120 freshly extracted teeth was randomly divided into three groups, according to the type of NPs incorporated into adhesive for metallic orthodontic brackets’ bonding: group 1—conventional orthodontic adhesive (TXT) as a control; group 2—conventional orthodontic adhesive mixed with TiO2 NPs (TXT + TNP); and group 3—conventional orthodontic adhesive mixed with cinnamon NPs (TXT + CNP). The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated and compared between the groups. The antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans for all the groups was assessed via a disc agar diffusion test. Data comparisons among groups were performed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Antibacterial efficacy comparison between the experimental groups was performed via an independent t-test. The significance level for all the tests was set at p ≤ 0.05. The highest mean SBS values (10.11 ± 1.88 MPa) were in the TXT control group followed by TXT + TNP (9.40 ± 1.78 MPa), and the lowest SBS was in the TXT + CNP (8.99 ± 1.77 MPa) group. The mean SBS among the experimental groups was non-significant (p = 0.241). Antibacterial effects significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in both experimental groups. However, TXT + TNP revealed a significantly higher antibacterial effect (p = 0.021) than TXT + CNP. In conclusion, incorporating cinnamon or TiO2 NPs into an orthodontic adhesive improves its antibacterial effects without compromising the bond strength for clinical purposes.