Abstract
When the Standard Model is interpreted as the renormalizable sector of a low-energy effective theory, the effects of new physics are encoded into a set of higher dimensional operators. These operators potentially deform the shapes of Standard Model differential distributions of final states observable at colliders. We describe a simple and systematic method to obtain optimal estimations of these deformations when using numerical tools, like Monte Carlo simulations. A crucial aspect of this method is minimization of the estimation uncertainty: we demonstrate how the operator coefficients have to be set in the simulations in order to get optimal results. The uncertainty on the interference term turns out to be the most difficult to control and grows very quickly when the interference is suppressed. We exemplify our method by computing the deformations induced by the ${\cal O}_{3W}$ operator in $W^+W^-$ production at the LHC, and by deriving a bound on ${\cal O}_{3W}$ using $8$ TeV CMS data.
Highlights
After the historical discovery of the Higgs boson [1,2] in July 2012, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently probing matter and spacetime at unprecedented small distances, looking for a signal of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM)
If new particles beyond the Standard Model are too heavy to be produced on shell at the LHC, their presence can still be indirectly detected via the effect of SM higherdimensional operators
The LHC precision physics program would play a central role for new physics searches
Summary
After the historical discovery of the Higgs boson [1,2] in July 2012, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently probing matter and spacetime at unprecedented small distances, looking for a signal of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). There are good theoretical arguments to expect new particles near the TeV scale, it is plausible that these states will be somewhat too heavy to be produced on shell at the LHC In such a scenario, the presence of new physics states is best studied using effective field theory methods, and their effects can be parametrized by higherdimensional operators made of SM fields. Such a program is not so straightforward to carry out systematically because of the large number of effective operators and kinematic variables to take into account and because of the computational cost of estimating the differential rates [3]. Based on these considerations, an optimal method to estimate the expected deformations of differential rates induced by an arbitrary number of effective operators is presented in Sec. III and summarized in Sec. III C.
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