Sharma's dried tree branch fallopian tubes sign: A new laparoscopic sign in female genital tuberculosis with infertility

Abstract

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) involves fallopian tubes in 95%–100% cases causing various tubal abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate the laparoscopic findings in FGTB with special reference to a new dried tree branch fallopian tubes sign. Materials and Methods: A total of eighty cases of FGTB diagnosed by demonstration of acid-fast bacilli on microscopy or culture on endometrial or peritoneal biopsy or positive endometrial or peritoneal biopsy or demonstration of epithelioid granuloma on biopsy or positive polymerase chain reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis on endometrial biopsy with findings of FGTB on laparoscopy or hysteroscopy were included in this prospective study. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in all cases. Results: Definite findings of FGTB such as caseous nodules, tubercles, beaded tubes were seen in 33 (41.2%) cases while probable findings of FGTB such as congested and hyperemic fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx obstructed tubes, pelvic adhesions, and straw-colored fluid were observed in rest 47 (58.8%) cases. A new dried tree branch fallopian tubes sign was seen in 7 (8.0%) cases being bilateral in 4 (5%) and unilateral in 3 (3.7%) cases. Conclusion: The new sign Sharma's dried tree branch fallopian tubes sign appears to be a useful sign in FGTB. However, larger prospective studies are needed before its routine recommendation in clinical practice.