Shark Species on Export Products from East Java and Bali by Dna Barcoding Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (Its-2) Locus in Mitochondrial

Abstract

DNA barcoding method is the mitochondrial marker for all animal species, and it is claimed as distinguishing feature from one species to another Species identification in shark products is often difficult to perform as they have morphological similarities with many other species and it is even more difficult as they are parts separated from the body for the storage. This research is aimed to know which species of sharks identified in the export products from East Java and Bali by DNA barcoding method. The samples of sharks (meat, fins, skin and bones) used were 90 samples acquired in Surabaya from the export products of East Java and Bali from 2015 to 2017. The DNA barcoding method uses universal primer through nested PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) process which is able to amplify the DNA until around 1,340 bp based on Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS-2) locus of mitochondria. Based on the result of phylogenetic analysis and the classification list by IUCN, from 90 samples of sharks acquired from export products in East Java and Bali, species identified were: 1.11% Daenia sp categorized as NE (not evaluated); 4.44% Sphyrna zygaena categorized as NT (not Threatened); 3.33% Sphyrna lewini categorized as NT (not Threatened); 10% Rhizoprionodon taylori categorized as LC (least concern); 24% Charcarhinus brevipinna categorized as NT (not Threatened); 2.22% Charcarhinus obscurus categorized as NT (not Threatened); 3.33% Charcarhinus falciformis categorized as LC (least concern); 1.11% Charcarhinus plumbeus categorized as NT (not Threatened); 27.78% Charcarhinus longimanus categorized as VU (vulnerable); 1.11% Neutrygon kuhlii categorized as NE (not evaluated); 1.11% Charcarhinus Taurus categorized as VU (vulnerable); 3.33% Rhizoprionodon longurio categorized as DD (data deficient); 1.11% Rhizoprionodon porosus categorized as DD (data deficient); 1.11% Eusphyra blochii categorized as NT (not Threatened); 4.44% Chiloscyllium griseum categorized as DD (data deficient); 5.56% Rhizoprionodon oligolinx categorized as LC (least concern); 1.11% Prionace glauca categorized as NT (not Threatened); 1.11% Rhizoprionodon lalandii categorized as DD (data deficient). Generally all species found in this research were special fish from Indo-Australian archipelago and included in IUCN red list. The government policy to prohibit export of these species was the right decision to prevent the species extinction. Keywords : ITS-2; Shark; Export Products; Java and Bali