Shared visions of co-operation at a time of crisis: The Gung Ho story in China’s anti-Japanese resistance

Abstract

First set up in 1938, Gung Ho, the movement of Chinese Industrial Co-operatives (CIC), came about at a time of national crisis and within an atmosphere of ferment about the need for social change and economic renewal in China. With Japanese invasion threatening national extinction came the recognition that China’s very survival required a united effort to rebuild the nation. Gung Ho (also ‘Gong He’ which means ‘work together’) in many ways captured this spirit of the times.