Abstract
Conventional ECG-triggered, segmented phase-contrast imaging (PC-MRI) is an accurate and clinically proven technique to characterize blood flow velocity. However, this method requires reliable cardiac gating, regular cardiac rhythm, and either signal-averaging, respiratory gating, or breath-holding to suppress respiratory motion artifacts. Furthermore, the resulting velocity information is a weighted temporal average of information acquired over multiple cardiac and respiratory cycles;short-term hemodynamic variations are lost. Real-time PC-MRI has been previously proposed using GRE-EPI [1] and spiral acquisitions [2], but limited performance has precluded routine clinical application. The aim of the present work is to design and demonstrate a novel method for rapid real-time velocity measurement with sufficient temporal resolution to eliminate the need for ECG synchronization and breath-holding, and to provide beat-to-beat hemodynamic information.
Highlights
Prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter/ defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) and an increased risk for life threatening ventricular arrhythmia (VA)
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a novel approach to imaging the vessel wall and vessel wall calcification using susceptibility weighted imaging [2] (SWI) with no need to suppress the signal from the blood
Optimizing the imaging parameters: The SWI sequence parameters were optimized to allow for the best visualization of the femoral artery lumen in the magnitude images and the arterial wall in the phase images
Summary
Prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter/ defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) and an increased risk for life threatening ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Methods: In 11 patients (age 0.7 – 27 years) with complex congenital heart disease, surgical questions were directed towards palliative or corrective surgery but consensus about the optimum treatment strategy was not reached using standard diagnostic tools including echocardiography, catheterization and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In these patients, three-dimensional printed cast and virtual computer models of the heart were made on the basis of high-resolution whole-heart and/or cineMRI.
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